Black Gram / Urad

मासको दाल (Maas / Kalo Daal)

📖 Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

Verified Agricultural Data (NARC) Pulses & Legumes 📅 Shrawan (साउन) – Mangsir (मंसिर) 🌡️ 20–32°C ⚗️ pH 6.0–7.0 ⏱️ 80-100 days

Growing Season & Schedule

🌱

Recommended Growing Window: Shrawan (साउन) – Mangsir (मंसिर)

Black gram takes 75 to 90 days to mature pods. Sown in Shrawan-Bhadra as post-monsoon rainfed legume in rice bunds or open terraces; harvested in Kartik.

Description & Overview

Essential high-protein pulse in Nepali cuisine, central to traditional festive meals (Kalo Daal, Wo / Bara patties). Cultivated on rice terrace bunds (Ali) and upland slopes; fixes atmospheric nitrogen to enrich soil fertility.

Details & Agronomic Insights

🌟 Positive Attributes & Health Benefits

High plant protein (24-25%), dietary fiber, iron, folic acid, potassium, and magnesium. Essential for bone density, muscle repair, hemoglobin production, and traditional culinary items (Bara, Daal).

⚠️ Precautions & Adverse Notes

Rich in purines; gout patients should consume in moderation. Oligosaccharides can induce flatulence.

🐛 Major Diseases & Pests

Yellow Mosaic Virus (YMV transmitted by whitefly), Cercospora Leaf Spot, Powdery Mildew, and Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera).

💊 Disease & Pest Solutions

Plant YMV-resistant cultivars (e.g., Kalu, Shekhar-1).
Spray Imidacloprid (0.3 mL/L) to control whitefly vectors and stop virus transmission.
Spray Chlorantraniliprole (0.3 mL/L) or neem oil (3 mL/L) during pod formation against pod borers.

🧪 Fertilizer & Nutrition Recommendations

Legume fixes atmospheric nitrogen. Apply 5 tons FYM/ha. NPK: 20:40:20 kg/ha as basal placement at seed sowing. Inoculate with Rhizobium culture.

Planting & Cultivation Guide

🌱 Planting Method Direct Seeding

📏 Seed Depth 3.0 cm

↔️ Seed Spacing 10.0 cm

📐 Row Spacing 30.0 cm

🪱 Soil Type Well-drained loam to clay loam

💧 Water Requirement Low to medium (350-500 mm rainfed)

☀️ Sunlight Full Sun (6-8 hours direct)

🧪 NPK Dose 20:40:20 NPK kg/ha + Rhizobium seed inoculation

Climate & Altitude Requirements

⛰️ Altitude Range 100–1800 m

🗺️ Suitable Regions Terai, Inner Terai, Mid-Hills

🌡️ Temperature Range 20–32°C

⚗️ Optimal pH 6.0–7.0

Harvest Information & Yield

⏱️ Maturity Days 80-100 days

📦 Expected Yield 0.8 - 1.4 t/ha (varieties: Kalo Maas, Shekhar, Pant U-19)

🔍 Harvest Indicators:

Pods turn dry, brittle, and blackish-brown

Crop Photo Gallery

मासको दाल (Maas / Kalo Daal) (Primary Photo)

Black Gram / Urad — Field View #2

Black Gram / Urad — Field View #3

Healthy Black Gram Crop on Terrace Margins

Seasonal Calendar — रोप्ने पात्रो

Activity / कार्य	Start Month (BS)	End Month (BS)	Region / क्षेत्र	Gregorian Window
🌱 Sowing	साउन (Shrawan)	भाद्र (Bhadra)	Mid-Hills (मध्यपहाड)	July - August
🌾 Harvesting	कार्तिक (Kartik)	मंसिर (Mangsir)	Mid-Hills (मध्यपहाड)	October - November

Quick Reference

Verified

🌱 Method Direct Seeding

📅 Season Shrawan (साउन) – Mangsir (मंसिर)

⏱️ Matures 80-100 days

💧 Water Low to medium (350-500 mm rainfed)

☀️ Sunlight Full Sun (6-8 hours direct)

🪱 Soil Well-drained loam to clay loam

🗺️ Regions Terai, Inner Terai, Mid-Hills

🌡️ Temp 20–32°C

⚗️ pH 6.0–7.0

📏 Depth 3.0 cm

📦 Yield 0.8 - 1.4 t/ha (varieties: Kalo Maas, Shekhar, Pant U-19)

📅 Planting Calendar 🩺 Plant Doctor AI

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