Spinach

पालुङ्गोको साग (Palungo)

📖 Spinacia oleracea L.

Verified Agricultural Data (NARC) Leafy Greens 📅 Ashwin (असोज) – Magh (माघ) 🌡️ 10–20°C ⚗️ pH 6.2–7.2 ⏱️ 30-45 days

Growing Season & Schedule

🌱

Recommended Growing Window: Ashwin (असोज) – Magh (माघ)

Palungo matures very quickly in 30 to 45 days after sowing. Sown in succession from Ashwin to Falgun across Nepal for continuous fresh winter harvests.

Description & Overview

Tender winter leafy green prized for delicate texture and rich iron, vitamin A, and folate content. Cultivated extensively during cool months in peri-urban valley fields.

Details & Agronomic Insights

🌟 Positive Attributes & Health Benefits

Nutrient powerhouse rich in iron, calcium, magnesium, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin K, and lutein. Strengthens vision, immunity, red blood cell production, and bone integrity.

⚠️ Precautions & Adverse Notes

High oxalate concentration can bind calcium and promote kidney stone formation if consumed in excess without proper hydration.

🐛 Major Diseases & Pests

Downy Mildew (Peronospora effusa), Cladosporium Leaf Spot, Damping-off in heavy soils, and Leaf Miners.

💊 Disease & Pest Solutions

Avoid dense broadcasting; thin plants to 8-10 cm apart for adequate sunlight and airflow.
Spray Copper Hydroxide (2 g/L) for leaf spot diseases.
Irrigate early in the morning to allow leaves to dry before nightfall.

🧪 Fertilizer & Nutrition Recommendations

Apply 15 tons well-rotted FYM/ha. NPK: 60:40:40 kg/ha. Top dress 20 kg N/ha after first cut to spur quick regeneration of lush tender leaves.

Planting & Cultivation Guide

🌱 Planting Method Direct Seeding

📏 Seed Depth 1.5 cm

↔️ Seed Spacing 8.0 cm

📐 Row Spacing 20.0 cm

🪱 Soil Type Fertile, moist sandy loam to silty loam rich in nitrogen

💧 Water Requirement Medium (300-400 mm, regular light watering)

☀️ Sunlight Full Sun to Partial Sun (4-6 hours)

🧪 NPK Dose 60:40:40 NPK kg/ha

Climate & Altitude Requirements

⛰️ Altitude Range 200–2400 m

🗺️ Suitable Regions Terai, Mid-Hills

🌡️ Temperature Range 10–20°C

⚗️ Optimal pH 6.2–7.2

Harvest Information & Yield

⏱️ Maturity Days 30-45 days

📦 Expected Yield 12 - 18 t/ha (varieties: All Green, Pusa Bharati)

🔍 Harvest Indicators:

Rosette of 5-8 tender dark-green leaves fully expanded before bolting

Crop Photo Gallery

पालुङ्गोको साग (Palungo) (Primary Photo)

Seasonal Calendar — रोप्ने पात्रो

Activity / कार्य	Start Month (BS)	End Month (BS)	Region / क्षेत्र	Gregorian Window
🌱 Sowing	असोज (Ashwin)	मंसिर (Mangsir)	All Nepal	September - November
🌾 Harvesting	कार्तिक (Kartik)	माघ (Magh)	All Nepal	October - January

Quick Reference

Verified

🌱 Method Direct Seeding

📅 Season Ashwin (असोज) – Magh (माघ)

⏱️ Matures 30-45 days

💧 Water Medium (300-400 mm, regular light watering)

☀️ Sunlight Full Sun to Partial Sun (4-6 hours)

🪱 Soil Fertile, moist sandy loam to silty loam rich in nitrogen

🗺️ Regions Terai, Mid-Hills

🌡️ Temp 10–20°C

⚗️ pH 6.2–7.2

📏 Depth 1.5 cm

📦 Yield 12 - 18 t/ha (varieties: All Green, Pusa Bharati)

📅 Planting Calendar 🩺 Plant Doctor AI

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