Paddy / Rice

धान (Dhan)

📖 Oryza sativa L.

Verified Agricultural Data (NARC) Cereals & Millets 📅 Ashadh (असार) – Kartik (कार्तिक) 🌡️ 20–35°C ⚗️ pH 5.5–6.8 ⏱️ 110-140 days

Growing Season & Schedule

🌱

Recommended Growing Window: Ashadh (असार) – Kartik (कार्तिक)

Paddy matures in 115 to 150 days depending on variety (early vs main crop). Nursery sown in Jestha-Asar, transplanted in Asar-Shrawan, and harvested in Kartik-Mangsir.

Description & Overview

The premier staple cereal grain crop of Nepal. Cultivated across 1.4+ million hectares from Jhapa to Jumla (Jumli Marshi - highest altitude rice in the world at 3,050m).

Details & Agronomic Insights

🌟 Positive Attributes & Health Benefits

Primary staple food of Nepal supplying essential carbohydrates, B-vitamins (thiamine, niacin in parboiled/brown rice), and clean energy for millions.

⚠️ Precautions & Adverse Notes

Polished white rice has high glycemic index; overconsumption without physical activity increases type-2 diabetes risk.

🐛 Major Diseases & Pests

Rice Blast (Magnaporthe oryzae), Bacterial Leaf Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae), Brown Spot (Bipolaris oryzae), and Yellow Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas).

💊 Disease & Pest Solutions

Spray Tricyclazole (0.6 g/L) at heading stage if neck blast symptoms appear.
Use light traps and install pheromone lures (Scirpo-lure) at 8 traps/ha for yellow stem borer.
Seed treatment with Carbendazim (2 g/kg seed) or Pseudomonas fluorescens (10 g/kg).
Maintain intermittent drying and wetting (AWD) rather than continuous stagnant submergence to strengthen root vigor.

🧪 Fertilizer & Nutrition Recommendations

Apply 10 tons FYM/ha. NPK recommendation: 100:40:30 kg/ha for HYVs. Split Nitrogen into 3 equal doses: basal, active tillering (21 DAT), and panicle initiation (45 DAT).

Planting & Cultivation Guide

🌱 Planting Method Direct Seeding

📏 Seed Depth 2.0 cm

↔️ Seed Spacing 30.0 cm

📐 Row Spacing 60.0 cm

🪱 Soil Type Well-drained fertile loam

💧 Water Requirement Submerged / Flooded (puddle beds)

☀️ Sunlight 7-9 hours full sun

🧪 NPK Dose 100:60:40 NPK kg/ha

Climate & Altitude Requirements

⛰️ Altitude Range 100–2000 m

🗺️ Suitable Regions Terai, Mid-Hills

🌡️ Temperature Range 20–35°C

⚗️ Optimal pH 5.5–6.8

Harvest Information & Yield

⏱️ Maturity Days 110-140 days

📦 Expected Yield 15 - 25 t/ha

🔍 Harvest Indicators:

Harvest when crop reaches optimal market maturity and full color

Crop Photo Gallery

धान (Dhan) (Primary Photo)

Seasonal Calendar — रोप्ने पात्रो

Activity / कार्य	Start Month (BS)	End Month (BS)	Region / क्षेत्र	Gregorian Window
🌱 Sowing	असोज (Ashwin)	कार्तिक (Kartik)	All Nepal	September - November
🌾 Harvesting	मंसिर (Mangsir)	माघ (Magh)	All Nepal	November - January

Quick Reference

Verified

🌱 Method Direct Seeding

📅 Season Ashadh (असार) – Kartik (कार्तिक)

⏱️ Matures 110-140 days

💧 Water Submerged / Flooded (puddle beds)

☀️ Sunlight 7-9 hours full sun

🪱 Soil Well-drained fertile loam

🗺️ Regions Terai, Mid-Hills

🌡️ Temp 20–35°C

⚗️ pH 5.5–6.8

📏 Depth 2.0 cm

📦 Yield 15 - 25 t/ha

📅 Planting Calendar 🩺 Plant Doctor AI

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